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Science Terms

Page history last edited by David C 14 years, 12 months ago

Definitions:

 

1.  Net    a two dimensional cutout or outline which can be folded into a three dimensional shape.  You must be able to identify and draw nets for assigned shapes.

 

2.    Dimensions  You must be able to identify the number of dimensions an object or a written description possesses, such as, “How many dimensions does a distance have?”

  • No dimensions:  a point in space has no dimensions (think of a dot on a graph) since it has neither width nor length and is not “measurable.” 
  • 1 dimensional:   a distance or a length.  Lines are usually considered one dimensional representations as well (although technically they have some width)
  • 2 dimensional:   a plane or a shape which has boundaries on a plane (like a circle drawn on a piece of paper).  Two dimensional shapes have width and length.
  • 3 dimensional:  an object which has volume or takes up space.  A cube is an example fo a three dimensional object.
  • 4 dimensional:  The fourth dimension is time so a four dimensional object would exist over time.  Ex. A cube sitting on your desk exists as time passes so it would be 4-dimensional.

 

3.  Measurement:  Any single measurement is considered “one dimensional.”  For example, if you mass a piece of paper and find it is 1.03 g, you have measured one dimension of the paper; you measured its mass.  You should be able to identify and explain how dimensions are needed to make a measurement or find a value (like distance or area or volume.)

 

4 Prism:  a prism is a space filling, three dimensional, regular shape.  Ex. A box is a prism, but your head (which is irregularly shaped) is not a prism.  Identify and name objects and shapes which are and are not prisms.

 

5.  Symmetry:  A shape in which some parts are identical to other parts in a specified arrangement.  Identify and name objects and shapes which have and do not have symmetry as well as identifying what kind of symmetry they have.

  • Bilateral:  symmetry in which an object has two sides that are mirror images of each other.  Ex, humans are bilaterally symmetrical; The letter A is bilaterally symmetrical but the letter R is not.
  • Rotational:  an object can be rotated less than 360o around a point and will look exactly like the original.  Ex. Jellyfish and seastars have rotational symmetry as does the letter Z (rotate it 180o) and the letter S.  The letter M and B do not have rotational symmetry.

 

6.  Parallel:  Two lines in a plane which never intersect and are equidistant at the two closest points on each line.  Identify and name lines which are and are not parallel, such as “Identify three pairs of lines which are parallel on the cube drawing…”

 

7.  Perpendicular:  Two (or more) lines which meet at right angles (90o).  Identify and name lines which are and are not perpendicular, such as “Circle one place on the drawing where 3 lines are all perpendicular to each other.”

 

8.  Face:  A flat surface of a gemotric shape, such as the 6 "faces" of a cube. 

 

9. Edge: the boundary of a surface. 

 

10. Vertex:  Typically means a corner or a point where lines meet. For example a square has four corners, each is called a vertex. The plural form of vertex is vertices. (Pronounced: "ver - tiss- ease"). A square for example has four vertices. 

 

 

Number definitions:

  • Rational number: Any number that can be made by dividing one integer by another. The word comes from "ratio".  A number that has a known decimal place. For example: 3.157, 0.54, 0.125
  • Whole number: There is no fractional or decimal part to the number.  For example, 0, 1, 2, 3 etc,
  • Integer: whole numbers and their opposites (negative numbers). There is no fractional or decimal part to the number.  For example, -3,-2-1, 0, 1, 2, 3 etc.
  • Irrational number: a number that cannot be written as a simple fraction - the decimal goes on forever without repeating. For example, π (Pi),or √2.

 

 

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